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The construction of curves by Descartes
Fabián, Tomáš ; Kvasz, Ladislav (advisor) ; Zhouf, Jaroslav (referee)
This work studies the construction of algebraic curves by means of mechanical plotting tools designed by René Descartes. The work includes a brief biography of Descartes, an outline of his scientific method and a description of Descartes' views on curves, their construction and use. By means of dynamic geometry several curves established by Descartes are constructed. These include curves constructed by means of a drawing instrument composed of several rulers; a drawing instrument designed for the hyperbola and its different variations, in which the guiding line is replaced by one of conics in a special position. In the final part we present the construction of four ovals, which are usable in catoptric and dioptric that Descartes constructed by a point wise construction. All drawings are made in Cabri Geometry II and are accompanied by a derivation of the equations of the resulting curves. In deriving these equations we used only elementary algebraic methods, which could be used by Descartes himself and which are comprehensible by secondary school students. Keywords: Descartes, ruler device, curve, conchoid, trident, oval
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Phenomenology of body and corporeality
Míková, Martina ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
MÍKOVÁ, Martina. Phenomenology of body and corporeality. Prague: Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague, 2012, pp. 84 Master Degree Thesis. The aim of the master thesis deals with the phenomenology of a body and corporeality. This is mainly the analysis of the arguments to distnquish a body and soul based on the Descartes 'Meditations on the First Philosophy' and 'The Passions of the Soul'. The introduction to the Cartesian dualism, which is the introduction to the phenomenology of a body and corporeality, is followed by the analysis of key passages in 'Phenomenology of Perception' by the French phenomenologists M. Merleau-Ponty who accents the importance of human corporeality as the essential and determining condition of human being. The third section deals with the philosophy of movement because the world and a man are in relative motion, based on Patočka's texts 'Body, Community, Language, World'. The final chapter of the thesis is based on the issue of the game as a symbol of the world presented by Eugen Fink. Keywords: Descartes, perception, Pexis, body, corporeality, corporeal scheme, movement, game.
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Does consciousness exhaust the nature of thought? The meaning of Descartes's term "cogitare"
Sedláková, Jana ; Palkoska, Jan (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to deal with the problems which arise from interpretations of Descartes' term "cogitare". It concentrates on the deconstruction of the orthodox interpretations which explain the term "cogitare" as "to be conscious". The thesis aims at introducing three alternative interpretations from Czech academic environment, the one of James Hill, of Petr Glombíček, and of Tomáš Marvan. I would like to refer to the problems of orthodox reading as well as to benefits and losses of the other interpretations. I will proceed through analysis of sensory perceptions, emotions and dream. The purpose of the thesis is not to find the definite meaning of "cogitare", but to make the readers familiar with these problems and their interpretations which I find more plausible than the orthodox interpretation. The term "consciousness" is a complex term which needs to be explained in order to be capable of explaining other philosophical problems. Keywords: Descartes, thinking, consciousness, sensory perceptions, emotions, dream, self-reflection, judgment, propositional content
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The concept of mind at the beginning of modern philosophy
Kadlec, David ; Hill, James (advisor) ; Palkoska, Jan (referee)
The essay concerns itself with the concept of mind in John Locke's and René Descartes' philosophy. The main focus lies on the abilities of human soul, that is understanding and will, and its ontological properties. The work tackles questions regarding personal identity, freedom of will, and the kind of substance that a mind is. Both systems are, after their introduction, critically examined, and their strengths and weaknesses are compared. The difference between both philosophers crystallizes towards the end of the piece in their view on the immateriality or materiality of mind. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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From Descates' Mind to Kant's Reason
Dekastello, Petr ; Hill, James (advisor) ; Palkoska, Jan (referee)
The basic subject-matter of my research is R. Descartes' Meditations On First Philosophy and I examine the term intellect and its position within the mind and its relation to thought. My work includes a study of sensation and imagination which provide the intellect with "material" to judge. The objective of my thesis is to demonstrate the role the intellect plays in terms of reason and to present an interpretation of the way in which the mind is designated in relation to reason according to Rene Descartes in his writing and in his responses to objections. The position and functions of the intellect are understood as a logical structure of mutual dependence and as the elements essential for the understanding of the human soul substance. At the end of my thesis I demonstrate that the system of reason of R. Descartes might be considered as the basis for the transcendental conception of reason in Kant's philosophy, which leads to an idealistic world conception and is founded on thinking a priori. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Descartes' Conception of the First Principles
Křížek, Pavel ; Svoboda, David (advisor) ; Sousedík, Prokop (referee)
Descartes' Conception of the First Principles RNDr. Bc. Pavel KŘÍŽEK Master's degree thesis, Prague, June 2017 Summary In this Master's thesis, seven interpretations of Descartes' Cogito are reviewed. The introductory chapter presents a brief explanation of the origin and development of Descartes' views on the role of the first philosophical principles, in fact, the principles of certain knowledge, that is, principles understood by him as the necessary and indispensable starting point for laying the foundations of all science. First - naturally - Descartes' own diverse formulations of Cogito are reproduced. Then, based on relevant text and (their) broader context, all Descartes' necessary concepts and terms concerning Cogito are systematically explained. The second chapter, which is the core of the entire study, contains short reviews of seven interpretations of Descartes' Cogito as presented in a number of established academic publications as well as in more recent papers. Every review is then briefly commented on. The authors of the seven interpretations were chosen to show the differences in understanding and explaining Descartes' first principle, as established on the European continent by the philosophical traditions of German-speaking countries, beginning with Hegel's attitude towards Descartes, on...
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From Descates' Mind to Kant's Reason
Dekastello, Petr ; Hill, James (advisor) ; Palkoska, Jan (referee)
The basic subject-matter of my research is R. Descartes' Meditations On First Philosophy and I examine the term intellect and its position within the mind and its relation to thought. My work includes a study of sensation and imagination which provide the intellect with "material" to judge. The objective of my thesis is to demonstrate the role the intellect plays in terms of reason and to present an interpretation of the way in which the mind is designated in relation to reason according to Rene Descartes in his writing and in his responses to objections. The position and functions of the intellect are understood as a logical structure of mutual dependence and as the elements essential for the understanding of the human soul substance. At the end of my thesis I demonstrate that the system of reason of R. Descartes might be considered as the basis for the transcendental conception of reason in Kant's philosophy, which leads to an idealistic world conception and is founded on thinking a priori. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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